PENELITIAN ILMIAH TRANSFER FACTOR
Penelitian Transfer Factor telah menghabiskan biaya lebih dari US$ 40 juta selama lebih dari 50 tahun sejak 1949 dan telah menghasilkan lebih dari 3500 laporan ilmiah oleh para ilmuwan di lebih dari 60 negara.
Transfer Factor didukung dan direkomendasikan oleh Health Science Advisory Board (HSAB) yang terdiri dari ilmuwan, imunolog, para dokter, ahli nutrisi, ahli medis dan profesional di Amerika, Eropa dan Asia.
Dr. Kisielevsky dari Russian Academy of Medical Sciences menyatakan, "Contoh dari 4Life Transfer Factor Plus meningkatkan aktivitas sel pembunuh alami melebihi Interleukin-2 standar obat yang biasa kami gunakan". Penemuan ini menarik perhatian dari The International Scientific and Technical Center (ISTC) of Russian.
Ada pula studi in vitro yang diusung Kisielevsky dan Khalturina dari Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Rusia. Kedua peneliti itu membuktikan Transfer Factor merangsang antitumor dan meningkatkan aktivitas sitotoksik sel darah mononuclear dari donor sehat. Efek paling signifikan terlihat setelah 48 jam inkubasi Transfer Factor pada konsentrasi 0,0001 - 0,1 mg/ml. Inkubasi Transfer Factor yang berasal dari kolostrum dan kuning telur itu meningkatkan sitotoksisitas sel darah 18-99%.
Transfer Factor sebagai modulator imun telah disetujui untuk digunakan di rumah sakit dan klinik di Federasi Rusia. Hasil uji klinis sepuluh terpisah dan dua studi eksperimen pada produk Transfer Factor yang digabungkan dalam satu Methodological Dokumen yang telah disetujui oleh Departemen Kesehatan, yang sekarang memungkinkan para dokter untuk merekomendasikan Transfer Factor Classic dan Transfer Factor Plus produk pada pasien.
Hasil uji klinis Dr. Bock untuk anak-anak AUTISME (sumber : Autism Society of America www.autism-society.org)
| Patient Demographics | Result After 3 Months |
| 9 (Nine) Children Ages: 2.9 - 9.9 Average Age: 5.07 | More Attentive Eye Contact Improved Eczema Improved Decreased Incidence of Illness Improved Languange Skills Resolution of Diarrhea Improved Toileting Skills |
Transfer Factor efektif untuk melawan infeksi virus
Kekebalan tubuh memainkan peranan penting dalam mengatasi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus seperti Hepatitis B dan Hepatitis C.
Dalam mengatasi penyakit Hepatitis B dan Hepatitis C biasanya praktisi medis menggunakan standar obat IFN.
Terapi dengan Transfer Factor Plus bagi penderita Hepatitis memberikan kemajuan yang sangat signifikan, pemberian Transfer Factor Plus selama 2 minggu setara dengan menggunakan standar ibat IFN selama 3 bulan. (Sumber: Kantor Kementrian Kesehatan dan Sosial, Federasi Rusia)
Transfer Factor memperlamat proses penuaan
Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 12 orang, usia antara 55-73 tahun. Setiap orang diberikan 300mg kapsul Transfer Factor setiap hari, 5 hari seminggu selama 6 minggu. Hasilnya adalah :
- Fungsi immune system tubuh yang rusak berangsur pulih
- Setelah proses pengujian ini, beda antara umur biologi dan umur sebenarnya adalah 8.2 tahun
- Proses peremajaan sebanyak 4 tahun (menjadi tampak lebih muda 4 tahun) hanya dalam waktu 6 minggu.
Penelitian oleh A.G. Chinzhov, V.A. Santalova, Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow (www.congress-euromedica.de/abstrakt/broshure2007.pdf)
PENDAPAT PAKAR MEDIS/DOKTER
Dr.Darryl SeeAssociate Clinical Professor W.H.O Westerm Europe
Memiliki 20 Pasien kanker stadium 4 yang punya harapan "3,7 bulan untuk hidup". Setelah konsumsi rutin Transfer Factorselama 6 bulan, hasilnya 16 dari 20 pasien dapat bertahan dan dalam remisi ataukondisi sudah berangsur pulih atau stabil. Keberhasilan Transfer Factor terhadap pasien kanker stadium 4 adalah 80%. "Belum pernah ditemukan sejenis herbal, produk makanan kesehatan atau obat-obatan yang mempunyai kekuatan dalam merangsang dan meningkatkan daya imun seperti Transfer Factor."
Calvin McCausland, PhD
Saya secara khusus terkesan dengan potensi yang ada dalamTransfer Factor seperti 15 tahun yang lalu adalah masanya vitamin & mineral. Betapa besar kesempatan yang ada bagi mereka yang mau terlibat sekarang!"
Duane Townsend, MD, FACOG
"Saya seorang Dokter Spesialis Kanker. Saya lebih banyak merawat pasien kanker wanita dan tanpa ragu-ragu menghimbau pasien saya yang sedang menjalani terapi-kemo, terapi radiasi, infeksi herpes kronis dan infeksi jamur kronis untuk mengkonsumsi Transfer Factor. Pasien-pasien ini melaporkan penurunan jumlah kasus. Transfer Factor adalah produk berbasis ilmiah dengan data yang luar biasa dari berbagai macam peneliti. Penemuan 4Life kekuatan molekul nanofraction berdiri sebagai terobosan medis utama."
Robert Robertson, Jr., MD
"Saya percaya tanpa keraguan sama sekali bahwa Transfer Factor adalah penemuan terbesar abad ini dalam mendukung dan memodulasi sistem imun. Saya percaya bahwa sistem imun yang diperkuat akan menjadi cara utama untuk tetap sehat dimasa yang akan datang. Nutrisi ini dapat mempengaruhi sistem imun dimana semua yang lain tidak bisa. Saya benar-benar percaya bahwa setiap orang perlu mengkonsumsi produk 4Life."
Cynthia Champion-Olson, ND, CTN, CN
"Produk Transfer Factor terus berada di garis depan dalam mendukung sistem kekebalan tubuh dibanding produk di pasar saat ini. Mereka adalah pilihan pertama untuk kesehatan sistem secara keseluruhan kekebalan tubuh dengan banyak dokter terkemuka di bidang imunologi dan pengobatan komplementer."
Transfer Factor References:
Ablashi DV, Levine PH, De Vinci C, Whitman JE Jr, Pizza G, Viza D. Use of anti HHV-6 transfer factor for the treatment of 2 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 2 case reports. Biotherapy 1996; 9(1-3): 81-6. Abstract: Specific Human Herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) transfer factor (TF) preparation, administered to two chronic fatigue syndrome patients, inhibited the HHV-6 infection. Prior to treatment, both patients exhibited an activated HHV-6 infection. TF treatment significantly improved the clinical manifestations of CFS in one patient who resumed normal duties within weeks, whereas no clinical improvement was observed in the second patient. It is concluded that HHV-6 specific TF may be of significant value in controlling HHV-6 infection and related illnesses.
De Vinci C, Levine PH, Pizza G, Fudenberg HH, Orens P, Pearson G, Viza D.Lessons from a pilot study of transfer factor in CFS. Biotherapy 1996; 9(1-3): 87-90.
Abstract: Transfer Factor (TF) was used in a placebo controlled pilot study of 20 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by clinical monitoring and testing for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6). Of the 20 patients in the placebo-controlled trial, improvement was observed in 12 patients, generally within 3-6 weeks of beginning treatment. Herpes virus serology seldom correlated with clinical response. This study provided experience with oral TF, useful in designing a larger placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Fudenberg NH. Treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome.[Letter] American Journal of Medicine 1994; 97: 493.
Hana I, Vrubel J, Pekarek J, Cech K. The influence of age on transfer factor treatment of cellular immunodeficiency, chronic fatigue syndrome and/or chronic viral infections. Biotherapy 1996; 9(1-3): 91-5.
Abstract: A group of 222 patients suffering from cellular immunodeficiency (CID), frequently combined with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and/or chronic viral infections by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV), were immunologically investigated and treated with transfer factor (TF). The age range was 17-77 years. In order to elucidate the influence of aging on the course of the disease and on treatment, 3 subgroups were formed: 17-43 years, 44-53 years, and 54-77 years. Six injections of Immodin (commercial preparation of TF by SEVAC, Prague) were given in the course of 8 weeks. When active viral infection was present, IgG injections and vitamins were added. Immunological investigation was performed before the start of therapy, and subsequently according to need, but not later than after 3 months. The percentages of failures to improve clinical status of patients were in the individual subgroups, respectively: 10.6%, 11.5% and 28.9%. The influence of increasing age on the percentage of failures to normalize low numbers of T cells was very evident: 10.6%, 21.2% and 59.6%. In individuals uneffected by therapy, persistent absolute lymphocyte numbers below 1,200 cells were found in 23.1%, 54.5% and 89.3% in the oldest group. Statistical analysis by Pearson's Chi-square test, and the test for linear trend proved that the differences among the individual age groups were significant. Neither sex, nor other factors seemed to influence the results. The results of this pilot study show that age substantially influences the failure rate of CID treatment using TF. In older people, it is easier to improve the clinical condition than CID: this may be related to the diminished number of lymphocytes, however, a placebo effect cannot be totally excluded.
Lawrence HS. The transfer in humans of delayed skin sensitivity to streptoccal H substance to tuberculin with disrupted leucocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1955; 34: 29.
Levin AS, Spitler LE, Stites DP & Fudenberg HH. A genetically determined cellular immunologic deficiency: Clinical and laboratory responses to therapy with transfer factor. Proceedings of the. National Academy of Science 1970; 67: 821.
Levine PH. The use of transfer factors in cfs: prospects & problems. Biotherapy 1996; 9(1-3): 77-79.
Abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by severe prolonged unexplained fatigue and a variety of associated symptoms such as arthralgias, myalgias, cognitive dysfunction, and severe sleep disturbances. Many patients initially present with an acute onset of apparent infectious origin with either an upper respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, fever, chills, tender lymphadenopathy, and malaise suggestive of a flu-like illness. In some cases, specific viral infections can be identified at the outset, particularly herpes viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Transfer factors (TF) with specific activity against these herpes viruses has been documented. With some studies suggesting that persistent viral activity may play a role in perpetuation of CFS symptoms, there appears to be a rationale for the use of TF in patients with CFS and recent reports have suggested that transfer factor may play a beneficial role in this disorder. This report focuses on the heterogeneity of CFS, the necessity for randomized coded studies, the importance of patient selection and sub-classification in clinical trials, and the need to utilize specific end-points for determining efficacy of treatment.
Lloyd AR, Hickie I, Brockman A, Hickie C, Wilson A, Dwyer J, Wakefield D.Immunologic and psychologic therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Medicine 1993; 94: 197-203.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential benefit of immunologic therapy with dialyzable leukocyte extract and psychologic treatment in the form of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Immunologic and psychologic treatments were administered to 90 adult patients who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for CFS in a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study. A four-cell trial design allowed the assessment of benefit from immunologic and psychologic treatment individually or in combination. Outcome was evaluated by measurement of global well-being (visual analogue scales), physical capacity (standardized diaries of daily activities), functional status (Karnofsky performance scale), and psychologic morbidity (Profile of Mood States questionnaire), and cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by peripheral blood T-cell subset analysis and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. RESULTS: Neither dialyzable leukocyte extract nor CBT (alone or in combination) provided greater benefit than the nonspecific treatment regimens. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, patients with CFS did not demonstrate a specific response to immunologic and/or psychologic therapy. The improvement recorded in the group as a whole may reflect both nonspecific treatment effects and a propensity to remission in the natural history of this disorder.
Spitler LE, Levin AS, Huber H & Fudenberg HH. Prediction of results of transfer factor therapy in the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome by monocyte IgG receptors.Proc. Sixth Leukocyte Culture Conference, Academic Press, Inc, New York and London 1972; 795.
Spitler LE, Levin AS, Stites DP, Fudenberg HH, Pirofsky CS, August ER, Stiehm ER, Hitzig H, Gatti RA. The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Results of Transfer Factor Therapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1972; 51: 3216.
Oral administration of bovine colostrum stimulates intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes to polarize Th1-type in mice.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Mar
Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University
T cells in i-IEL were polarized to Th1 type after oral administration of bovine colostrum. Intestinal microflora and IgA levels in feces were not changed by oral administration of bovine colostrum. These results suggest that colostrum stimulates directly to i-IEL to polarize Th1 type, which may protect from infectious diseases and allergic diseases mediated by Th2 type responses.
Lawrence HS. The cellular transfer of cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin in man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1949;71:516.
Dwyer JM. The use of antigen-specific transfer factor in the management of infections with herpes viruses. In: Kirkpatrick CH, Burger DR and Lawrence HS eds. Immunobiology of transfer factor. New York Academic Press 1983:233-243.
Viza D, Vich JM, Phillips J et al. Orally administered specific transfer factor for the treatment of herpesvirus infections. Lymphok Res 1985;4:27-30.
Jones JF, Jeter WS, Fulginiti VA et al. Treatment of childhood combined Epstein-Barr virus/cytomegalovirus infection with oral bovine transfer factor. Lancet 1981;2:122-124.
Ablashi DV, Levine PH, DeVinci C et al. Use of anti HHV-6 transfer factor for the treatment of two patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Two case reports. Biotherapy 1996;9:81-86.
Steele RW, Myers MG and Monroe VM. Transfer factor for the prevention of varicella-zoster infection in childhood. N Engl J Med 1980;303:355-359.
Lang I, Nekam H, Gergely P et al. Effect of in vivo and in vitro treatment with dialyzable leukocyte extracts on human natural killer cell activity. Clin Immunol and Immunopathol 1982;25:139-144.
Boucheix C, Phillips J, Pizza G et al. Activity of animal transfer factor in man. Lancet 1977;1:198-199.
Fudenberg H and Pizza G. Transfer factor 1993: New frontiers. Progress in Drug Res 1994;42:309-400.
Arala-Chaves M, Ramos MTF and Rosado RMF. Evidence for prompt and intense constitution of cell-mediated immunity by means of transfer factor in a case of complex immune deficiency. Cell. Immunol. 1974;12:160.
Ballow M and Good RA. Report of a patient with T-cell deficiency and normal B-cell function: a new immunodeficiency disease with response to transfer factor. Cell. Immunol. 1975;19:219.
Jones JF, Pizza G, DeVinci C. Infectious mononucleosis: immunotherapy with EBV-specific transfer factor. J Exp Pathol 1987;3:399-406.
Khan A, Hansen B, Hill NO et al. Transfer factor in the treatment of herpes simplex types 1 and 2. Dermatologica 1981;163:177-185.
Winkelman RK, DeRemee RA, Ritts RE Jr. Treatment of varicella-zoster pneumonia with transfer factor. Cutis 1984;34:278-281.
Rozzo SJ and Kirkpatrick CH. Purification of transfer factors. Mol Immunol 1992;29:167-182.
Pizza G, Viza D, Roda A et al. Transfer factor for the treatment of chronic active hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1979;300:1332.
Nkrumah F, Pizza G, Viza D et al. Regression of progressive lymphadenopathy in a young child with acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following the administration with specific anti-CMV activity. Lymphok Res 1985;4:237-241.
Neequaye J, Viza D, Levine PH et al. Specific transfer factor with activity against Epstein-Barr virus reduces late relapse in endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma. Anticancer Res 1990;10:1183-1187.
Viza D, Vich JM, Phillips J et al. Specific transfer factor protects mice against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus. Cell Immun 1986;100:555-562.
Wilson GB, Poindexter C, Fort JD et al. De novo initiation of specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness in chickens by transfer factor (specific immunity inducer) obtained from bovine colostrum and milk. ACTA Virol 1988;32:6-18.
Kirkpatrick CH, Hamad AR, and Morton LC. Murine transfer factors: dose-response relationships and routes of administration. Cell Immunol 1995:164:203-206.
Viza D, Lefesvre A, Patrasco M et al. A preliminary report on three AIDS patients treated with anti-HIV specific transfer factor. J Exp Path 1987;3:653-659.
Alvarez-Thull L, Kirkpatrick C.H. Profiles of cytokine production in recipients of transfer factors. Biotherapy 1996. 9(1-3): 55-9.
Bengmark S. Immunonutrition: role of biosurfactants, fiber, and probiotic bacteria. Nutrition 1998. 14:585-94.
Cech K, Kofranek V, Barnet K, Pekarek J. The radioprotective effects of DLE-TF on BM mice. Recent Advances in Transfer Factor and Dialyzed Leucocyte Extracts. Ed. Fujisawa T, Saskawa S, Iikura Y, Komatsu F, Yamaguchi Y. Tokyo, Japan: Maruzen Co Ltd., 1992. 306-313.
Cech K, Kafranek V, Marnet K, Pekarek J. Radioprotective effects of DLE. Research and Application of Transfer Factor and DLE. Ed. Huo B-L, Wang R-Z, Zou Z-F. Bejing, China: Xueyuan Press, 1989 306-313.
Cech K, Sibl O, Pekarek J, Svejcar J. The adjuvant therapy of the nasopharyngeal tumor with Transfer Factor. Research and Application of Transfer Factor and DLE. Ed. Bao-lai H, Ru-zhang W, Zhao-fen Z, Bejing, China: Xueyuan Press 1989 403-10.
Cech K, Krystukova O, Pekarek J, DLE in immunosuppreseed patients. Recent advances in Transfer Factor and Dialyzable Leucocyte Extracts. Ed. Fujisawa T, Saskawa S, Iikkura Y, Komatsu F, Yamaguchi Y. Tokyo, Japan: Maruzen Co. Ltd., 1992. 315-322.
Famularo G. Infections, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Annals of the Italian Medical Institute 2000. 15(2): 144-55.
Fudenberg HH, Pizza G, De Vinci C. Transfer Factor in Malignancy. Progress in Drug Research 1994. 42: 401-421. Fujisawa T, Yamaguchi Y. Postoperative Immunostimilation after complete resection improves survival of patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 1996. 78: 1892-8.
Fujisawa T, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transfer factor immunochemotherapy as an adjunct to surgical treatment for primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Japanese Journal of Surgery 1984. 14(6): 452-8.
Kirkpatrick C.H. Therapeutic potential of transfer factor. New England Journal of Medicine 1980. 303(7): 390-1.
Kirkpatrick C.H. Transfer factors: identification of conserved sequences sequences in transfer factor molecules. Molecular Medicine 2000. 6(4): 332-41. Pekarek J, et al. The clinical uses of specific transfer factors in Recent advances in transfer factors and dialyzable leukocyte extracts 1992. 256-63.
Pilotti, V, Mastrorilli M, Pizza G, De Vinci C, Busutti L, Palareti A, Gozzetti G, Cavallari A. Biotherapy 1996. 9:1-3;117-21.
Pizza G. et al. Effect of in vitro produced transfer factor on the immune response of cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer 1977. 13: 917-923.
Viza D. et al. Orally administered specific transfer factor for the treatment of herpes infections. Lympho Res 1985. 4: 27-30.
Viza D. et al. Specific transfer factor protects mice against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus. Cellular Immunity 1986. 100:555-62.
Whyte RI, Schork MA, Sloan H, Orringer MB, Kirsh MM. Adjuvant treatment using transfer factor for bronchogenic carcinoma: Long term follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992 53:391-6.
Wilson G.B. et al. Treatment of mycobacterium-fortuitum pulmonary infection with transfer factor: New methodology for evaluating transfer factor potency and predicting clinical response. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 1982. 23: 478.
De Vinci C, Levine PH, Pizza G, Fudenberg HH, Orens P, Pearson G, Viza D.Lessons from a pilot study of transfer factor in CFS. Biotherapy 1996; 9(1-3): 87-90.
Abstract: Transfer Factor (TF) was used in a placebo controlled pilot study of 20 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by clinical monitoring and testing for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6). Of the 20 patients in the placebo-controlled trial, improvement was observed in 12 patients, generally within 3-6 weeks of beginning treatment. Herpes virus serology seldom correlated with clinical response. This study provided experience with oral TF, useful in designing a larger placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Fudenberg NH. Treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome.[Letter] American Journal of Medicine 1994; 97: 493.
Hana I, Vrubel J, Pekarek J, Cech K. The influence of age on transfer factor treatment of cellular immunodeficiency, chronic fatigue syndrome and/or chronic viral infections. Biotherapy 1996; 9(1-3): 91-5.
Abstract: A group of 222 patients suffering from cellular immunodeficiency (CID), frequently combined with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and/or chronic viral infections by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV), were immunologically investigated and treated with transfer factor (TF). The age range was 17-77 years. In order to elucidate the influence of aging on the course of the disease and on treatment, 3 subgroups were formed: 17-43 years, 44-53 years, and 54-77 years. Six injections of Immodin (commercial preparation of TF by SEVAC, Prague) were given in the course of 8 weeks. When active viral infection was present, IgG injections and vitamins were added. Immunological investigation was performed before the start of therapy, and subsequently according to need, but not later than after 3 months. The percentages of failures to improve clinical status of patients were in the individual subgroups, respectively: 10.6%, 11.5% and 28.9%. The influence of increasing age on the percentage of failures to normalize low numbers of T cells was very evident: 10.6%, 21.2% and 59.6%. In individuals uneffected by therapy, persistent absolute lymphocyte numbers below 1,200 cells were found in 23.1%, 54.5% and 89.3% in the oldest group. Statistical analysis by Pearson's Chi-square test, and the test for linear trend proved that the differences among the individual age groups were significant. Neither sex, nor other factors seemed to influence the results. The results of this pilot study show that age substantially influences the failure rate of CID treatment using TF. In older people, it is easier to improve the clinical condition than CID: this may be related to the diminished number of lymphocytes, however, a placebo effect cannot be totally excluded.
Lawrence HS. The transfer in humans of delayed skin sensitivity to streptoccal H substance to tuberculin with disrupted leucocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1955; 34: 29.
Levin AS, Spitler LE, Stites DP & Fudenberg HH. A genetically determined cellular immunologic deficiency: Clinical and laboratory responses to therapy with transfer factor. Proceedings of the. National Academy of Science 1970; 67: 821.
Levine PH. The use of transfer factors in cfs: prospects & problems. Biotherapy 1996; 9(1-3): 77-79.
Abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by severe prolonged unexplained fatigue and a variety of associated symptoms such as arthralgias, myalgias, cognitive dysfunction, and severe sleep disturbances. Many patients initially present with an acute onset of apparent infectious origin with either an upper respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, fever, chills, tender lymphadenopathy, and malaise suggestive of a flu-like illness. In some cases, specific viral infections can be identified at the outset, particularly herpes viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Transfer factors (TF) with specific activity against these herpes viruses has been documented. With some studies suggesting that persistent viral activity may play a role in perpetuation of CFS symptoms, there appears to be a rationale for the use of TF in patients with CFS and recent reports have suggested that transfer factor may play a beneficial role in this disorder. This report focuses on the heterogeneity of CFS, the necessity for randomized coded studies, the importance of patient selection and sub-classification in clinical trials, and the need to utilize specific end-points for determining efficacy of treatment.
Lloyd AR, Hickie I, Brockman A, Hickie C, Wilson A, Dwyer J, Wakefield D.Immunologic and psychologic therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Medicine 1993; 94: 197-203.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential benefit of immunologic therapy with dialyzable leukocyte extract and psychologic treatment in the form of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Immunologic and psychologic treatments were administered to 90 adult patients who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for CFS in a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study. A four-cell trial design allowed the assessment of benefit from immunologic and psychologic treatment individually or in combination. Outcome was evaluated by measurement of global well-being (visual analogue scales), physical capacity (standardized diaries of daily activities), functional status (Karnofsky performance scale), and psychologic morbidity (Profile of Mood States questionnaire), and cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by peripheral blood T-cell subset analysis and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. RESULTS: Neither dialyzable leukocyte extract nor CBT (alone or in combination) provided greater benefit than the nonspecific treatment regimens. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, patients with CFS did not demonstrate a specific response to immunologic and/or psychologic therapy. The improvement recorded in the group as a whole may reflect both nonspecific treatment effects and a propensity to remission in the natural history of this disorder.
Spitler LE, Levin AS, Huber H & Fudenberg HH. Prediction of results of transfer factor therapy in the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome by monocyte IgG receptors.Proc. Sixth Leukocyte Culture Conference, Academic Press, Inc, New York and London 1972; 795.
Spitler LE, Levin AS, Stites DP, Fudenberg HH, Pirofsky CS, August ER, Stiehm ER, Hitzig H, Gatti RA. The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Results of Transfer Factor Therapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1972; 51: 3216.
Oral administration of bovine colostrum stimulates intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes to polarize Th1-type in mice.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Mar
Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University
T cells in i-IEL were polarized to Th1 type after oral administration of bovine colostrum. Intestinal microflora and IgA levels in feces were not changed by oral administration of bovine colostrum. These results suggest that colostrum stimulates directly to i-IEL to polarize Th1 type, which may protect from infectious diseases and allergic diseases mediated by Th2 type responses.
Lawrence HS. The cellular transfer of cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin in man. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1949;71:516.
Dwyer JM. The use of antigen-specific transfer factor in the management of infections with herpes viruses. In: Kirkpatrick CH, Burger DR and Lawrence HS eds. Immunobiology of transfer factor. New York Academic Press 1983:233-243.
Viza D, Vich JM, Phillips J et al. Orally administered specific transfer factor for the treatment of herpesvirus infections. Lymphok Res 1985;4:27-30.
Jones JF, Jeter WS, Fulginiti VA et al. Treatment of childhood combined Epstein-Barr virus/cytomegalovirus infection with oral bovine transfer factor. Lancet 1981;2:122-124.
Ablashi DV, Levine PH, DeVinci C et al. Use of anti HHV-6 transfer factor for the treatment of two patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Two case reports. Biotherapy 1996;9:81-86.
Steele RW, Myers MG and Monroe VM. Transfer factor for the prevention of varicella-zoster infection in childhood. N Engl J Med 1980;303:355-359.
Lang I, Nekam H, Gergely P et al. Effect of in vivo and in vitro treatment with dialyzable leukocyte extracts on human natural killer cell activity. Clin Immunol and Immunopathol 1982;25:139-144.
Boucheix C, Phillips J, Pizza G et al. Activity of animal transfer factor in man. Lancet 1977;1:198-199.
Fudenberg H and Pizza G. Transfer factor 1993: New frontiers. Progress in Drug Res 1994;42:309-400.
Arala-Chaves M, Ramos MTF and Rosado RMF. Evidence for prompt and intense constitution of cell-mediated immunity by means of transfer factor in a case of complex immune deficiency. Cell. Immunol. 1974;12:160.
Ballow M and Good RA. Report of a patient with T-cell deficiency and normal B-cell function: a new immunodeficiency disease with response to transfer factor. Cell. Immunol. 1975;19:219.
Jones JF, Pizza G, DeVinci C. Infectious mononucleosis: immunotherapy with EBV-specific transfer factor. J Exp Pathol 1987;3:399-406.
Khan A, Hansen B, Hill NO et al. Transfer factor in the treatment of herpes simplex types 1 and 2. Dermatologica 1981;163:177-185.
Winkelman RK, DeRemee RA, Ritts RE Jr. Treatment of varicella-zoster pneumonia with transfer factor. Cutis 1984;34:278-281.
Rozzo SJ and Kirkpatrick CH. Purification of transfer factors. Mol Immunol 1992;29:167-182.
Pizza G, Viza D, Roda A et al. Transfer factor for the treatment of chronic active hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1979;300:1332.
Nkrumah F, Pizza G, Viza D et al. Regression of progressive lymphadenopathy in a young child with acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following the administration with specific anti-CMV activity. Lymphok Res 1985;4:237-241.
Neequaye J, Viza D, Levine PH et al. Specific transfer factor with activity against Epstein-Barr virus reduces late relapse in endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma. Anticancer Res 1990;10:1183-1187.
Viza D, Vich JM, Phillips J et al. Specific transfer factor protects mice against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus. Cell Immun 1986;100:555-562.
Wilson GB, Poindexter C, Fort JD et al. De novo initiation of specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness in chickens by transfer factor (specific immunity inducer) obtained from bovine colostrum and milk. ACTA Virol 1988;32:6-18.
Kirkpatrick CH, Hamad AR, and Morton LC. Murine transfer factors: dose-response relationships and routes of administration. Cell Immunol 1995:164:203-206.
Viza D, Lefesvre A, Patrasco M et al. A preliminary report on three AIDS patients treated with anti-HIV specific transfer factor. J Exp Path 1987;3:653-659.
Alvarez-Thull L, Kirkpatrick C.H. Profiles of cytokine production in recipients of transfer factors. Biotherapy 1996. 9(1-3): 55-9.
Bengmark S. Immunonutrition: role of biosurfactants, fiber, and probiotic bacteria. Nutrition 1998. 14:585-94.
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